{"id":13646,"date":"2014-10-23T18:12:41","date_gmt":"2014-10-23T18:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/uncategorized-tr\/growing-dangers-to-journalists-in-europe-and-turkey-2-2\/"},"modified":"2014-10-23T18:25:18","modified_gmt":"2014-10-23T18:25:18","slug":"growing-dangers-to-journalists-in-europe-and-turkey-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/tr\/growing-dangers-to-journalists-in-europe-and-turkey-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrupa ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gazeteciler \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 art\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gazetecilik, hi\u00e7 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kadar tehlikeli bir meslek olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gazetecileri Koruma Komitesi CPJ\u2019in verilerine<\/a> g\u00f6re, bu y\u0131l\u0131n ilk 10 ay\u0131nda 40 gazeteci, b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Suriye, Irak ve Filistin\u2019de \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerinde olmak \u00fczere, g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma ve sava\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinden haber g\u00f6nderen gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar son y\u0131llarda d\u00fczenli olarak artarken, medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na sa\u011flanan e\u011fitim, destek ve koruma ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla ini\u015fte. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ne kadar tehlikeli olursa, arkas\u0131nda sayg\u0131n bir haber kurumunun deste\u011fini alarak g\u00f6reve giden gazetecilerin say\u0131s\u0131 da o kadar azal\u0131yor.\u00a0 Tehlikeli b\u00f6lgelerde haber toplama i\u015fi, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman deneyimsiz ya da gereken deste\u011fi almadan giden g\u00f6z\u00fckara serbest gazetecilerin alan\u0131 haline geldi. Bu durum devam ettik\u00e7e, gazetecilerin can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusu g\u00fcndemimizin ba\u015f maddesi olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek.<\/p>\n

Gazetecilerin hedef al\u0131narak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik en ciddi tehdit ve ku\u015fkusuz sans\u00fcr\u00fcn en u\u00e7 noktas\u0131. Gazetecilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddete ba\u015fvuranlar\u0131n cezas\u0131z kalmas\u0131 ise, gazetecilerin g\u00f6revleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131s kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00a0tehlikeyi daha da art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr Avrupal\u0131 meslekta\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kendi \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde faaliyet g\u00f6sterirken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluk, g\u00fcndelik hayatlar\u0131nda \u015fiddet tehdidi de\u011fil, h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen medya ortam\u0131nda ayakta kalabilme m\u00fccadelesi. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinden gelen siyasi bask\u0131larla nas\u0131l m\u00fccadele etmeleri gerekti\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n kenar\u0131nda yeralan \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye, Ukrayna ve Azerbaycan gibi \u00fclkelerde ise gazetecilerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Gazeteciler Birli\u011fi AEJ<\/a> \u2018in hafta sonunda Avusturya\u2019da yap\u0131lan y\u0131ll\u0131k kongre ve genel kurulunda d\u00fczenlenen tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n\u00a0 konusu \u2018Ate\u015f Hatt\u0131nda Gazeteciler- Avrupa\u2019da gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik artan tehditler\u2019 idi.<\/p>\n

AEJ\u2019in Medya \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Temsilcisi William Horsley\u2019nin y\u00f6netti\u011fi toplant\u0131da paneldeki konu\u015fmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yorumlar, gazeteciler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekten de farkl\u0131 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n oldu\u011funu bir kez daha ortaya koydu. Ama ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin, yerle\u015fik demokrasilerde de giderek erozyona u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.\u00a0 Artan ticari bask\u0131lar, medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi bask\u0131lara direncini her yerde zay\u0131flat\u0131yor. Ama baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde giderek daha bask\u0131c\u0131 hale gelen yasalar, haks\u0131z tutuklamalar, yetkililerin gazetecilere kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131rgan dil, yayg\u0131n sans\u00fcr ve otosans\u00fcr gibi etkenler, bir korku ve bask\u0131 ortam\u0131 yaratmakta.<\/p>\n

AG\u0130T Medya \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri \u00d6zel Temsilcisinin Ba\u015fdan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan Frane Maroevic , gazetecilere bask\u0131 uygulaman\u0131n pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6ntemi bulundu\u011funu, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin de bu konuda giderek daha yarat\u0131c\u0131 olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Para cezalar\u0131, vergi tefti\u015fleri, ticari bask\u0131lar, akreditasyon s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131, kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve sahte uyu\u015fturucu, \u015fiddet ve ter\u00f6rizm su\u00e7lamalar\u0131, gazetecileri sindirmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulan en g\u00f6zde y\u00f6ntemler aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Bas\u0131n Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Barbara Trionfi ise, k\u0131saca IPI diye bilinen kurumun \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde medya yasalar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fini ve bunlar\u0131n evrensel standartlara uyumlu hale getirilmesi i\u00e7in tavsiyelerde bulundu\u011funu anlatt\u0131. Trionfi\u2019ye g\u00f6re, sorun sadece standartlara uymayan k\u00f6t\u00fc yasalar de\u011fil. Son derece makul ve me\u015fru yasalar bile bazen ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve kapsamlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda medya \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n

Barbara Trionfi\u2019nin de belirtti\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye, bu alanda en sorunlu \u00fclkelerden biri ve IPI\u2019\u0131n \u00a0\u2018medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri alan\u0131nda zay\u0131f ve k\u00f6t\u00fcye giden bir performans sergiledi\u011fi, sadece ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil, genelde demokrasi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan geriledi\u011fi\u2019 gerek\u00e7esiyle endi\u015fe yaratan ve g\u00f6zlem alt\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu \u00fclkeler listesinde. Gazetecileri Koruma Komitesi CPJ ile ortakla\u015fa d\u00fczenledikleri ve uluslararas\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden olu\u015fan bir heyetle ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri ziyaret sonunda haz\u0131rlanan raporda da medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fcye gidi\u015f engellenmezse, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00a0demokrasinin ciddi hasar g\u00f6rece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu uyar\u0131lara kulak asmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k. AEJ\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den kat\u0131lan delegesinin de dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi tam tersine, h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan yeni yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fclke polis devleti olma do\u011frultusunda ad\u0131m at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yasal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler polisin yetkilerini art\u0131r\u0131yor, \u00a0\u2018somut delile dayal\u0131 kuvvetli \u015f\u00fcphe\u2019 yerine \u2018makul \u015f\u00fcphe\u2019yi yeterli bularak polis taraf\u0131ndan arama yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve gizli takibi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan uyar\u0131da da dile getirildi\u011fi gibi, bu yasal d\u00fczenlemeler kabul edilirse, keyfi uygulamalar ve hak ihlalleri ihtimali her birey i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli. \u00a0Ama ben, \u00f6zellikle gazetecilerin bu d\u00fczenlemeden olumsuz etkilenece\u011finden endi\u015fe ediyorum.\u00a0 Somut delile dayal\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphe yerine makul \u015f\u00fcphe kriteri, yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 daha Parlamentodan bile ge\u00e7meden bir gazeteciye kar\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7en hafta uyguland\u0131. Yazar-gazeteci Aytekin Gezici, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131, sorguland\u0131, bilgisayar\u0131 incelendi, evinde arama yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin bir di\u011fer problemli boyutu, kamu g\u00f6revlilerine kar\u015f\u0131 tehdit su\u00e7unun kapsam\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi ve cezalar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. \u00d6zellikle h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerine y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerde ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilikte kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin hakimler taraf\u0131ndan \u2018a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131\u2019 ya da \u2018tehditkar\u2019 bulunmas\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden gazetecilerin hapsedilmesi ihtimalini daha da kuvvetlendiriyor.<\/p>\n

Gazeteciler aras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemine inanan bir medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olarak herzaman meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini destekledim. Medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini ve gazetecilerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini savunan h\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 da \u015f\u00fckranla kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131m. Ancak bu y\u0131l, Avusturya\u2019daki AEJ Kongresinden y\u00fcre\u011fimde a\u011f\u0131r bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ile ayr\u0131ld\u0131m. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131za ve m\u00fccadelemize ragmen, her kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m kongrede gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik tehditlerin daha da artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haklar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla \u00e7i\u011fnendi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Bunun sorumlusu olan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lacak kald\u0131ra\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve etkisi de her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l azal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada en fazla gazeteci \u00f6ld\u00fcren radikal dinci gruplar ve su\u00e7 \u00f6g\u00fctlerine gelince.. Ne biz gazetecilerin meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ne de uluslararas\u0131\u00a0 kurulu\u015flar onlara meydan okuman\u0131n, hesap sorman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma a\u015famas\u0131na bile gelmedi daha.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gazetecilik, hi\u00e7 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kadar tehlikeli bir meslek olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gazetecileri Koruma Komitesi CPJ\u2019in verilerine g\u00f6re, bu y\u0131l\u0131n ilk 10 ay\u0131nda 40 gazeteci, b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Suriye, Irak ve Filistin\u2019de \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerinde olmak \u00fczere, g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma ve sava\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinden haber g\u00f6nderen gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar son y\u0131llarda d\u00fczenli olarak artarken, medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na sa\u011flanan e\u011fitim, destek ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13646"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13646\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}