{"id":264,"date":"2013-11-26T00:47:58","date_gmt":"2013-11-26T00:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/?p=264"},"modified":"2013-11-26T00:47:58","modified_gmt":"2013-11-26T00:47:58","slug":"kriz-donemlerinde-gazetecilik-ve-demokrasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/tr\/kriz-donemlerinde-gazetecilik-ve-demokrasi\/","title":{"rendered":"KR\u0130Z D\u00d6NEMLER\u0130NDE GAZETEC\u0130L\u0130K VE DEMOKRAS\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r faal bir \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fum Avrupa Gazeteciler Birli\u011fi\u00a0 AEJ<\/a> , 22 ve 23 Kas\u0131m tarihlerinde\u00a0 51ci y\u0131ll\u0131k kongresini Br\u00fcksel\u2019de yapt\u0131. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n temas\u0131, \u2018 \u00c7alkant\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde gazetecilik ve demokrasi\u2019ydi.<\/p>\n

Konferans\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan AvrupaKonseyinin Avrupa Birli\u011fi nezdindeki b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi \u00a0Torbjorn Froysnes, Konseyin 10 \u00fcyeyle kuruldu\u011fu ilk g\u00fcnlerinden bu yana, medyan\u0131n ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fimden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Bug\u00fcn 47 \u00fcyesi olan Avrupa Konseyi, insan haklar\u0131, o g\u00fcn bug\u00fcnd\u00fcr demokrasi, \u00e7o\u011fulculuk ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131 ilkelerini i\u00e7eren Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 denetliyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00a0temel ilkeler ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ge\u00e7erli olmakla beraber, pek \u00e7ok yeni konunun siyasi ve hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun yeni form\u00fcller \u00fcretilmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bunlar aras\u0131nda son zamanlarda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z belge s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, haberalma \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin izleme faaliyetleri ve bunlar\u0131n gazetecilerin ifade ve mesleki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri \u00fczerindeki etkileri\u00a0 de var. Ayr\u0131ca, gazetecilerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik tehditler ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n cezas\u0131z kalmas\u0131, \u00fcye devletleri yeni y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle \u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

AEJ Kongresinde Avrupa\u2019da medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini hedef alan sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve bask\u0131lar tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0 Birli\u011fin Medya \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri temsilcisi William Horsley\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi panelde\u00a0 \u00f6nde gelen \u00fc\u00e7 uzman,\u00a0 gazeteciler i\u00e7in daha g\u00fcvenli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l sa\u011flanabilece\u011fini, neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve haberalma \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin faaliyetlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 nas\u0131l daraltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Konseyinin hukuk uzman\u0131 Onur Andreotti, gazetecilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal\u00a0 edilmesinin sadece mesleki sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 , toplum i\u00e7erisinde herkesin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin \u00e7i\u011fnenmesi anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 10 cu\u00a0 maddesi, \u2018herkes\u2019 deyimiyle gazetecileri de kaps\u0131yor ancak Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesinin kararlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gazeteciler i\u00e7in koruma alan\u0131n\u0131n daha geni\u015f\u00a0 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Devletler, sadece gazetecilerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini \u00e7i\u011fnememekle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda gazetecileri koruma ve kollamakla da y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc.<\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesine giden Hrant Dink-T\u00fcrkiye davas\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, yetkililerin gazetecinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini \u00f6nleyecek ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ihlali anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetler ayr\u0131ca delillilerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmakla da y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc.\u00a0 Avrupa Konseyi uzman\u0131, AEJ Kongresine,\u00a0 Hrant Dink davas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri gere\u011fince yerine getirmedi\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hatr\u0131latt\u0131 ve\u00a0 Hrank Dink\u2019in ailesinin, ulusal adalet sistemine olan g\u00fcvenini yitirdi\u011fini\u00a0 ve bundan b\u00f6yle duru\u015fmalara kat\u0131lmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Andreotti,\u00a0 devletlerin, \u00a0ihlalleri \u00f6nlemek, ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na almak, sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n cezadan muaf olmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00a0\u00a0ve etkili bir soru\u015fturma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatt\u0131.\u00a0 Soru\u015fturman\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve derhal yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin, gecikmi\u015f adaletin adaletsizlik oldu\u011funun\u00a0 da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n

Onur Andreotti \u00a0Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesinin verdi\u011fi gazetecilerin emniyeti ve korunmas\u0131 ile ilgili kararlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu, T\u00fcrkiye de dahil pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkenin bu kararlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

AEJ\u00a0 Medya \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri Temsilcisi William Horsley ise, mahkemenin daha etkili olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti ve gazetecilerin sadece yasal d\u00fczenlemeler ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131yla tatmin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendilerine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 hem koruma hem de gecikmeyen adalet talep ettiklerini\u00a0 kaydetti.<\/p>\n

Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etti\u011fi durumlar, \u015fu aralar Avrupa Konseyi b\u00f6lgesinde ciddi \u015fekilde mercek alt\u0131nda.\u00a0 Bunlardan pek \u00e7o\u011fu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davalarda verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7eriyor.\u00a0 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin son aylarda att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0 ileride de T\u00fcrkiye aleyhinde \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil edecek benzer kararlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gayet kuvvetli.<\/p>\n

12 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Avrupa Konseyi Komisyonu, gazetecilerin\u00a0 g\u00fcvenli\u011finin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 yapacak. Ayr\u0131ca, erken uyar\u0131 sistemi olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6recek bir web-platformu olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 projesi ba\u015flat\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecili\u011fin te\u015fvik edilmesi ve geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in kampanya y\u00fcr\u00fcten Journalismfund adl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurulu\u015fun y\u00f6neticisi Ides Debruyne, AEJ Kongresinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve di\u011fer Avrupa kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecili\u011fi geli\u015ftirmeye ve maddi a\u00e7\u0131dan desteklemeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer konu\u015fmac\u0131, Gazetecileri Koruma Komitesi CPJ\u2019nin \u00fcst d\u00fczey dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan Jean-Paul Marthoz ise haberalma \u00f6r\u00fcgtlerinin izleme faaliyetlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilik \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerine de\u011findi.<\/p>\n

Yo\u011fun izleme faaliyetlerinin ve s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n sert \u015fekildecezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00e7abalar\u0131n gazeteciler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc bir ortam yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Marthoz, art\u0131k kimsenin gazetecilere bilgi vermek istemedi\u011fini, kaynaklar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde if\u015fa olmaktan\u00e7ekindi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0 Ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilgileri ikinci elden do\u011frulatmak ve halka ili\u015fkiler faaliyetlerinin\u00a0 \u00f6tesinde bilgi toplamak ve teyid etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc gazeteciler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu, do\u011fal olarak ciddi bir problem.<\/p>\n

Kongrede T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yle parallelikleri olan bir di\u011fer tart\u0131\u015fma konusu da haberalma \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin denetimiydi. Jean-Paul Marthoz,\u00a0 Amerika Birlesik Devletleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde haberalma \u00f6r\u00fcgtlerinin faaliyetlerinin deneti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in reformlara gereksinim duyuldu\u011funu ancak bunun i\u00e7in belki de fazlas\u0131yla gecikildi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Kongreye, Washington Post gazetesinin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018En Gizli Amerika\u2019 -\u2018 Top Secret America\u2019 adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n okunmas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etti.\u00a0 S\u00f6zkonusu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, haberalma ve casusluk \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin ve ilgili teknolojinin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k ve ileri teknoloji sonucunda,\u00a0 as\u0131l amac\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak olan sistemin art\u0131k bu hedeften uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7i \u0130ngiltere ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletlerinde medya, art\u0131k di\u011fer \u00fclkelere \u00f6rnek olma i\u015flevini yitirdi ama gene de bu \u00fclkelerde en az\u0131ndan konuyla ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar serbest\u00e7e ve yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 \u015feyi, aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de bulundu\u011fu di\u011fer Avrupa Konseyi \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerinin hepsi i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.\u00a0 Ulusal g\u00fcvenlik s\u00f6zkonusu olunca denetim\u00a0 ve denge unsurlar\u0131ndan bahsetmek giderek zorla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

AEJ Kongresinde ele al\u0131nan bir di\u011fer konu, medyan\u0131n ekonomi politi\u011fiydi.\u00a0 Polonya Bas\u0131n Yay\u0131n D\u00fczenleyici Kurumu KRRIT\u2019nin dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Andrzej Krajewski, Avrupa ve Amerika Birlesik Devletlerinde son zamanlarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da gazetecinin i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haberlerde giderek artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde halka ili\u015fkiler malzemesinin kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Ciddi haber programlar\u0131n\u0131n yerini ucuz tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya da \u00fcnl\u00fclerle ilgili\u00a0 sansasyonel programlar\u0131n ya da yemek tariflerinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, medyan\u0131n giderek daha az politik ve daha y\u00fczeysel hale geldi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n

Krajewski \u00a0bir ka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde medyan\u0131n standartlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu demokrasinin de erozyona u\u011framas\u0131ndan endi\u015feli.\u00a0 Polonyal\u0131 uzmana g\u00f6re, \u00a0\u2018medyay\u0131 ayakta tutmak, demokrasiyi korumakla e\u015f anlaml\u0131\u2019 .<\/p>\n

Br\u00fcksel\u2019deki\u00a0 51.ci AEJ Kongresine, T\u00fcrkye\u2019de medyan\u0131n durumuna\u00a0 ili\u015fkin bir rapor da sunuldu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Avrupa GAzeteciler Birli\u011fi temsilcileri, Gezi protestolar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda medyan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler.\u00a0 Raporda,\u00a0 ge\u00e7en yaz hem g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin\u00a0 hem de medyan\u0131n\u00a0 demokrasi s\u0131nav\u0131nda nas\u0131l s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0 buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sosyal medyan\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedildi.<\/p>\n

Suriye\u2019deki i\u00e7 sava\u015f, T\u00fcrkye\u2019deki gazeteciler i\u00e7in yeni tehlikeleri beraberinde getirdi.\u00a0 AEJ , Suriye\u2019de kendisinden haber al\u0131namayan gazeteci Basher Kadumi ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da tutuklu Metin Turan\u2019\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kampanya y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte.<\/p>\n

Genel Kurulda bu y\u0131l iki karar kabul edildi.\u00a0 \u0130lki, \u0130ngiltere AEJ \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn sundu\u011fu tasar\u0131yd\u0131. Edward Snowden ve di\u011fer bilgi s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 haberalma \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n mahremiyetine y\u00f6nelik ihlaller k\u0131nand\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci kararda ise Azerbaycan, Belarus ve Rusya\u2019da gazetecilere ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131na\u00a0 y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lara dikkat \u00e7ekildi. \u00a0Azerbaycan\u2019a\u00a0 Rashad Ramazanov, Sardar Alibeyli ve Ilgar Mamedov\u2019u sal\u0131vermesi , Anar Mammadli, Bashir Suleymanli ve Elnur Mammadli\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 sona erdirmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kararda ayr\u0131ca, gelecek y\u0131l May\u0131s ay\u0131nda Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n Bakanlar Komitesinin d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devralaca\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131larak,\u00a0 insan haklar\u0131, demokratik de\u011ferler ve hukuk devleti kurallar\u0131na uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece \u00fclkenin d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan menedilmesi talep edildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r faal bir \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fum Avrupa Gazeteciler Birli\u011fi\u00a0 AEJ , 22 ve 23 Kas\u0131m tarihlerinde\u00a0 51ci y\u0131ll\u0131k kongresini Br\u00fcksel\u2019de yapt\u0131. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n temas\u0131, \u2018 \u00c7alkant\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde gazetecilik ve demokrasi\u2019ydi. Konferans\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan AvrupaKonseyinin Avrupa Birli\u011fi nezdindeki b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi \u00a0Torbjorn Froysnes, Konseyin 10 \u00fcyeyle kuruldu\u011fu ilk g\u00fcnlerinden bu yana, medyan\u0131n ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fimden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[4],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=264"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}