T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en karanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinden birini ya\u015f\u0131yor. G\u00fcn ge\u00e7miyor ki, yeni bir hak ihlaliyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n. Medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00fclkenin zaten k\u0131r\u0131klarla dolu karnesi, 5 \u015eubat\u2019ta internete getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlamalarla iyice k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti.\u00a0 \u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerine y\u00f6nelik son uygulama ise, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri daha da daralt\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek \u00d6\u011fretim Kurulu Y\u00d6K taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, akademisyenlerin bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar haricinde medyaya bilgi veya deme\u00e7 vermesini disiplin su\u00e7u olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayr\u0131 kavramlar olmas\u0131na ragmen, birbiriyle yak\u0131ndan ilintili. Biri olmadan di\u011feri de olmuyor.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 alanda, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck deyince, \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin herhangi bir m\u00fcdahaleyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan serbest\u00e7e ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapabilmeleri, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlayabilmeleri, \u00f6\u011frencilerine \u00f6\u011fretebilmeleri \u00a0ve herhangi bir kurumsal disiplin tehdidi ya da siyasi bask\u0131ya hedef olmadan entellekt\u00fcel tart\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131labilmeleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Y\u00d6K\u2019\u00fcn son karar\u0131, \u00fcniversite ve y\u00fcksek okullarda \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin vatanda\u015f olarak bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemekle kalm\u0131yor, akademik \u00f6g\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn temel ilkelerini de ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131yor.\u00a0\u00dclkenin ayd\u0131n insanlar\u0131n\u0131n kamuyu ilgilendiren konularda tart\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131lmalar\u0131, varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 sorgulamalar\u0131 ve yeni fikirler ortaya atmalar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumun yarar\u0131nad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden, Radikal gazetesi yazar\u0131 \u0130lker Birbil\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u2018\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hepimiz i\u00e7in gerekli. Ayr\u0131ca, demokratik oldu\u011funu iddia eden bir sistemin de olmazsa olmaz\u0131. Onun i\u00e7in ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmadan akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. \u00d6te yandan, tarihten de bildi\u011fimiz \u00fczere, akademinin toplumdaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri tetikleyici, \u00f6nder bir rol\u00fc olabilir. T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6zelinde akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin garanti edilmesi, toplumda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7abilir\u2019 <\/i>.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere y\u00f6nelik tehdit, sadece \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131ndan ibaret de\u011fil. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kurumsal boyutu, yani \u00f6zerklik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ciddi sorunlar ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
47 Avrupa \u00fclkesinden \u00fcniversiteleri temsil eden Avrupa \u00dcniversiteler Birli\u011fi EUA, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en alt s\u0131ralarda g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
1980 askeri darbesi ard\u0131ndan kurulan Y\u00d6K, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenimin hemen her alan\u0131n\u0131 denetlemekle g\u00f6revli.<\/p>\n
Londra \u00dcniversitesine ba\u011fl\u0131 Royal Holloway Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi G\u00fcl Berna \u00d6zcan, Y\u00d6K\u2019\u00fc\u2018bask\u0131c \u0131, tepeden inmeci bir devlet ve h\u00fckmetme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 <\/i>olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor ve \u2018\u00d6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye de\u011fil, b\u00fcrokratik sadakata dayal\u0131 bir system. Anti-demokratik. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirmeyi engelleyici\u2019<\/i> diyor.<\/p>\n
Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesinden \u0130lker Birbil de Y\u00d6K\u2019\u00fcn akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan problemli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. \u201c\u00dcniversiteler, \u00f6zellikle devlet \u00fcniversiteleri, Y\u00d6K eliyle do\u011frudan h\u00fck\u00fcmete ba\u011fl\u0131. Ho\u015f bu yeni bir \u015fey de\u011fil. 80 darbesi ile ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir musibet. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet Y\u00d6K’\u00fc kald\u0131rmay\u0131 vaat etmi\u015fti ancak sistemin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ince onun verdi\u011fi g\u00fcce bay\u0131ld\u0131. Rekt\u00f6rlerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve beraberinde gelen kadrola\u015fma, \u00fcniversiteleri partizan yapt\u0131. Tabii, arada akademik yetkinli\u011fi sorgulanmas\u0131 gereken insanlar olmad\u0131k pozisyonlara geldiler. Siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmet ile hizalanan akademisyenler, toplumsal olaylarda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin arkas\u0131nda durdular; fahri doktoralar da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131lar. Beraberinde, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k konusu gibi s\u00f6zde-bilim konferanslar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi. Ve tabii kendi gelece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek zorunda kalan akademisyenler de ister istemez otosans\u00fcre ba\u015flad\u0131lar<\/i>\u201d diye de ekliyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130lker Birbil\u2019e g\u00f6re, son d\u00fczenleme, \u201cbir ton s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 bir \u2018torba\u2019 maddeye dolduruyor. \u00dcstelik ifade son derece geni\u015f. Nereye \u00e7ekersen \u00e7ek. Belli ki Gezi hareketi gibi olaylara destek istenmiyor.<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7en yaz tan\u0131k olunan Gezi protestolar\u0131na destek olduklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen akademisyen ve \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri, burslar\u0131n iptali ve disiplin cezalar\u0131 da dahil bir dizi yapt\u0131r\u0131ma hedef oldu.<\/p>\n
Ekim ay\u0131nda da, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en sayg\u0131n y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131ndan Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi (ODT\u00dc) benzer bask\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fti. Tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve \u00e7evreye hasar veren bir yol yap\u0131m\u0131 projesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6\u011frenci ve \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri, polis \u015fiddetiyle susturulmak istendi.<\/p>\n
Oysa, \u00fcniversiteler bir toplumun hem ele\u015ftirmeni hem de vicdan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu rol\u00fc yerine getirebilmeleri ise, ancak, \u00a0bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ger\u00e7ekle\u015febildi\u011fi ve \u00f6zendirildi\u011fi kurumlar olabildikleri s\u00fcrece m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n
Profes\u00f6r Clark Kerr, Amerika Birle\u015fik devletlerinde y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimin Henry Ford\u2019u olarak da tan\u0131nan \u00fcnl\u00fc bir reformcuydu. Berkeley \u00dcniversitesinin ilk \u00a0rekt\u00f6r\u00fc olan bu ayd\u0131n ve s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc sak\u0131nmayan akademisyen, 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda, zaman\u0131n Kaliforniya valisi Ronald Reagan taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Profes\u00f6r Kerr belki de en \u00e7ok \u015fu s\u00f6zleriyle hat\u0131rlan\u0131r: \u201c\u00dcniversite, fikirlerin, \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in zarars\u0131z hale getirilece\u011fi yerler de\u011fil, \u00f6\u011frencilerin, fikirlere zarar vermeyecek \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi kurumlard\u0131r<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en karanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinden birini ya\u015f\u0131yor. G\u00fcn ge\u00e7miyor ki, yeni bir hak ihlaliyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n. Medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00fclkenin zaten k\u0131r\u0131klarla dolu karnesi, 5 \u015eubat\u2019ta internete getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlamalarla iyice k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti.\u00a0 \u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerine y\u00f6nelik son uygulama ise, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri daha da daralt\u0131yor. Y\u00fcksek \u00d6\u011fretim Kurulu Y\u00d6K taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, akademisyenlerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":442,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[4],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/446"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=446"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/446\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}