{"id":636,"date":"2014-04-21T01:07:54","date_gmt":"2014-04-21T01:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/uncategorized-tr\/lessons-from-the-mexican-earthquake-for-turkey-2\/"},"modified":"2014-04-21T01:09:41","modified_gmt":"2014-04-21T01:09:41","slug":"lessons-from-the-mexican-earthquake-for-turkey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/tr\/lessons-from-the-mexican-earthquake-for-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"MEKS\u0130KA DEPREM\u0130NDEN T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u0130\u00c7\u0130N DERSLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

18 Nisan Cuma sabah\u0131, saat 09:30\u2019da Mexico City\u2019nin merkezinde, y\u00fcksek binalar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki yolun kenar\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7in parketmi\u015f bir minib\u00fcste oturuyordum.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce tiz bir siren sesi duyuldu. Ard\u0131ndan da minib\u00fcs, devrilecekmi\u015f gibi sallanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Hemen kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7an \u015fof\u00f6r, derhal inmemizi istedi.<\/p>\n

Ara\u00e7taki di\u011fer yolcular, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u2018ne oluyor\u2019 derken, deprem b\u00f6lgesi bir \u00fclkede do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ben, ne oldu\u011funu kavray\u0131p derhal kap\u0131ya y\u00f6neldim.<\/p>\n

Asfalt yol, g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr \u015fekilde dalgalan\u0131yordu. Etraf\u0131m\u0131zdaki y\u00fcksek binalar, bir o yana bir bu yana hafif hafif k\u0131m\u0131ldarken, \u00a0parlak camlar\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f, sanki oyun oynuyordu. Elektrik direklerinin, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n zang\u0131r zang\u0131r titredi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

Topu topu 30 saniyeydi ama dakikalarca s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f gibi geldi.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131p kapamadan, yol \u00fcst\u00fcndeki otellerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, ellerinde megafonlarla kald\u0131r\u0131mlarda belirdiler. Etraftaki insanlar\u0131 sakinle\u015ftirdiler;\u00a0 emniyetli noktalara y\u00f6nlendirdiler.<\/p>\n

Sokak sakinleri yava\u015f yava\u015f evlerinden, otellerinden, d\u00fckkanlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde hasar ya da panik yoktu ama kimin turist kimin \u015fehir sakini oldu\u011funu anlamam uzun s\u00fcrmedi.\u00a0 Mexico City\u2019nin yerlileri, sokaktaki kalabal\u0131k aras\u0131nda ne yapmay\u0131, nerede durmay\u0131 ve di\u011fer insanlar\u0131 nas\u0131l teselli etmeyi bilenlerdi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden Meksika\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentinin 7,2 \u015fiddetinde bir depremle sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendik. Depremden hemen \u00f6nce duydu\u011fumuz siren sesi, 71 saniye once ba\u015flayan alarm sinyaliydi. E\u011fer evinizde o s\u0131rada Televisa kanal\u0131n\u0131 seyrediyor olsayd\u0131n\u0131z, televizyonda Eduardo Salazar<\/a> \u00a0adl\u0131 sunucunun deprem alarm\u0131 verildi\u011fini ve en k\u0131sa zamanda bulundu\u011funuz yerdeki emniyetli noktalara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nman\u0131z gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fini duyacakt\u0131n\u0131z. E\u011fer g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc hala televizyondan alamad\u0131ysan\u0131z da, be\u015f on saniye sonra st\u00fcdyonun \u015fiddetle sallanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, tavandaki \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n ve kameralar\u0131n sa\u011fa sola savruldu\u011funa, ayakta durmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Salazar\u2019\u0131n hala sizden sakin olman\u0131z\u0131 istedi\u011fine tan\u0131k olacakt\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Mexico City Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00a0Mayor Miguel Angel Mancera, depremin \u00e7ok hafif zarar verdi\u011fini, can kayb\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ba\u015fkentin elektrik, su, metro gibi temel altyap\u0131 sistemleri de normal i\u015fleyi\u015fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Meksika, \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck tektonik tabaka \u00fczerinde yeral\u0131yor. \u00a0O y\u00fczden de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n deprem riski en y\u00fcksek b\u00f6lgelerinden biri. 1887 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Meksika\u2019da 7 ya da daha \u015fiddetli 15 deprem meydana geldi. Ba\u015fkent Mexico City ise \u00f6zellikle tehlikeli bir b\u00f6lge, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce doldurulan g\u00f6llerin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Cuma g\u00fcnk\u00fc depremin merkez \u00fcss\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki, ba\u015fkente 265 kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki Guerrero eyaleti olmas\u0131na ragmen, sars\u0131nt\u0131, Mexico City\u2019de 7,2 \u015fiddetinde hissedildi. 19 Eyl\u00fcl\u00a0 1985\u2019de Mexico City, 8,1 \u015fiddetinde, \u00fc\u00e7 dakika s\u00fcren bir depremle sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 10 binden fazla insan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r hasar meydana gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

1985 depreminden sonra Meksika, ba\u015fkentinde, k\u0131saca SAS diye bilinen Erken Uyar\u0131 Sistemini \u00a0uygulamaya koydu. 60 saniye kadar \u00f6ncesinden sirenleri harekete ge\u00e7iren uyar\u0131 sistemi, yayg\u0131n bir kamu e\u011fitim projesi ve d\u00fczenli tatbikatlarla desteklenerek, halk\u0131n, en az\u0131ndan bulunduklar\u0131 yerde emniyetli noktalara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor ve bu y\u00fczden de can kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, y\u00fcksek riskli b\u00fct\u00fcn binalar\u0131n \u00e7elik ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f beton malzeme kullan\u0131larak depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde in\u015fa edilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve uygulanan yasalar var.\u00a0 \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r de en az kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kadar depreme haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim programlar\u0131na ciddiyetle yakla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Tabii, do\u011fal felaketlere ne kadar haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunursa olsun, 2011 Japonya depremi ve tsunami felaketinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi can kayb\u0131n\u0131 tamamen \u00f6nlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Oysa Japonlar, d\u00fcnyada depreme haz\u0131rl\u0131k konusunda birinci s\u0131rada.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkent Mexico City d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Meksika\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer kentlerinde de durumun m\u00fckemmel oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Ama Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc 7,2 \u015fiddetinde depremle sars\u0131lan Mexico City\u2019de tan\u0131k oldu\u011fum g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda 7 \u015fiddetindeki depremde 300 bin ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Haiti\u2019yi ve 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda 7,4 \u015fiddetindeki depremde 17 bin insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kaybetti\u011fimiz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce, \u00f6fkeyle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ac\u0131m\u0131 daha da peki\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n

2011 Ekim\u2019inde meydana gelen Van depreminin derinli\u011fi ve \u015fiddeti de Mexico City\u2019dekine benzerdi. Van\u2019da 600\u2019den fazla insan can verdi; binlercesi yaraland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Depremler \u2018Allah vergisi\u2019 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ama kontrols\u00fcz ve yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lanma, yolsuzluk ve e\u011fitim eksikli\u011finin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek say\u0131da \u00f6l\u00fcmler, tamamen insan hatas\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde meydana gelen depremlerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki depremlere oranla en az alt\u0131 kat daha fazla oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

1999 depremi ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yetkililer, depremde hasar ve kay\u0131p riskini azaltmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ad\u0131mlar att\u0131lar. Ancak, kamunun depreme haz\u0131rl\u0131k e\u011fitimini sa\u011flayan programlar, altyap\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi ve varolan binalar\u0131n sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7abalar\u0131, hala yeterli olmaktan \u00e7ok uzak.<\/p>\n

Son aylarda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet ili\u015fkilerindeki kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k ve us\u00fcls\u00fczlik iddialar\u0131 ise, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bundan sonra meydana gelecek bir depremin \u00f6ncekilerden daha az y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olabilece\u011fine olan umudumuzu zedeler nitelikte.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

18 Nisan Cuma sabah\u0131, saat 09:30\u2019da Mexico City\u2019nin merkezinde, y\u00fcksek binalar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki yolun kenar\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7in parketmi\u015f bir minib\u00fcste oturuyordum. \u00d6nce tiz bir siren sesi duyuldu. Ard\u0131ndan da minib\u00fcs, devrilecekmi\u015f gibi sallanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Hemen kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7an \u015fof\u00f6r, derhal inmemizi istedi. Ara\u00e7taki di\u011fer yolcular, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u2018ne oluyor\u2019 derken, deprem b\u00f6lgesi bir \u00fclkede do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[4],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/636"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=636"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/636\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.firdevstalkturkey.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}